I. Intangiriro
Muri iki gihe cyogukurikirana iterambere rirambye nubuzima bwangiza ibidukikije,imigano ya fibre, nkubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byo kumeza, bigenda byinjira mubitekerezo byabantu.Umuganoibikoresho byo kumeza byafashe umwanya mumasoko yo kumeza hamwe nibyiza byihariye kandi byagaragaje iterambere ryiterambere. Iyi raporo izasesengura iterambere ry’inganda zikora imigano ya fibre fibre, kandi ikore isesengura rirambuye rivuye mu bintu byinshi nko gutanga ibikoresho fatizo, ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, isoko ry’isoko, imiterere ihiganwa, imbogamizi z’inganda ndetse n’ejo hazaza.
II. Uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho
(I) Gukwirakwiza no gukomeza umutungo wimigano
Nkisoko nyamukuru yibikoresho fatizo kumigano ya fibre fibre, imigano ikwirakwizwa henshi kwisi. Aziya, cyane cyane Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Miyanimari n'ibindi bihugu, bifite imitungo ikungahaye. Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite umutungo w’imigano ukize cyane ku isi, ufite ubuso bunini bw’amashyamba n’ubwoko butandukanye.
Urebye kuramba, imigano ifite ibiranga gukura byihuse kandi bishobora kuvugururwa. Muri rusange, imigano irashobora gukura mumyaka 3-5, kandi imikurire yayo iragabanuka cyane ugereranije nimbaho ​​gakondo. Byongeye kandi, ingamba zifatika zo gucunga amashyamba, nko gutema siyanse, gutera, no kurwanya udukoko no kurwanya indwara, birashobora gutuma umutungo w’imigano urambye kandi bigatanga garanti ikomeye y’iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zangiza ibikoresho by’imigano.
(II) Imihindagurikire y'ibiciro fatizo
Igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo kumeza ya fibre fibre yibikoresho byatewe nibintu byinshi. Ubwa mbere, impinduka zamafaranga yo gutera, igiciro cyo gutemwa, nigiciro cyo gutwara amashyamba yimigano bizagira ingaruka itaziguye kubiciro byibikoresho fatizo. Hamwe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'umurimo, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya lisansi, n'impinduka zijyanye no gutwara abantu, ibi biciro birashobora guhinduka ku rugero runaka.
Icya kabiri, gutanga isoko nibisabwa nabyo nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro byibikoresho fatizo. Iyo isoko ikeneye ibikoresho byo kumeza ya fibre fibre ikomeye kandi ikenera ibikoresho by'imigano byiyongereye, igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo gishobora kuzamuka; muburyo butandukanye, igiciro gishobora kugabanuka. Byongeye kandi, impinduka ku isoko mpuzamahanga, guhindura politiki, hamwe n’ibiza byibasiwe nabyo bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku giciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’imigano.
III. Inzira yo gukora no gutunganya ikoranabuhanga
(I) Gutezimbere tekinoroji yo gukuramo fibre
Gukuramo fibre fibre nimwe mumigambi yingenzi mugukora ibikoresho byo mumeza ya fibre. Uburyo bwo kuvoma gakondo burimo uburyo bwa chimique na mashini. Uburyo bwa chimique bufite ubushobozi bwo kuvoma cyane, ariko bushobora gutera umwanda ibidukikije. Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibinyabuzima yagiye igaragara buhoro buhoro, ikoresheje mikorobe cyangwa imisemburo yo kubora imigano no gukuramo fibre. Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije no gukora neza, kandi ni icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere cyogukuramo imigano ya fibre mugihe kizaza.
Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yo gukuramo ifasha umubiri nka ultrasound na microwave nayo irigwa kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa. Izi tekinoroji zirashobora kuzamura neza uburyo bwo kuvoma fibre yimigano, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, no kwemeza ubwiza bwimigano.
(II) Guhanga udushya muburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kumeza
Kubijyanye no kubumba imigano ya fibre fibre, tekinoroji nshya ihora igaragara. Kurugero, tekinoroji ishushe ikora irashobora gukora fibre fibre ibumba mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango itange ibikoresho byo kumeza bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya kwambara. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yo guterwa inshinge nayo ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo kumeza ya fibre fibre. Mu kuvanga fibre fibre hamwe na plastiki yangirika hanyuma ugakora inshinge, ibikoresho kandi byiza byo kumeza birashobora kubyara.
(III) Iterambere mu buhanga bwo kuvura hejuru
Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere nuburanga bwibikoresho bya fibre fibre, ibikoresho byo kuvura hejuru nabyo biratera imbere. Kurugero, gutwikira imigano ya fibre fibre hamwe nibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije bishobora guteza imbere amazi, kurwanya amavuta hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika kumeza. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu gushushanya lazeri, gucapa no mu bundi buryo bwa tekinoloji, uburyo bwiza kandi bushushanyije burashobora gukorwa hejuru y’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa imigano ya fibre fibre kugira ngo abakiriya babone ibyo bakeneye ku giti cyabo no mu bwiza.
IV. Ibisabwa ku isoko
(I) Guteza imbere ubukangurambaga ku bidukikije
Hamwe nogukomeza kuzamura ubumenyi bwibidukikije ku isi, abaguzi barushaho guhitamo ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije. Ibikoresho by'imigano ya fibre, nkibisanzwe, bishobora kuvugururwa kandi byangirika, bihuza nigitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije kubakoresha. Ahantu nkamazu, resitora, namahoteri, abantu bakeneye ibikoresho byo kumeza yimigano ya fibre bikomeje kwiyongera. Cyane cyane mu bihugu no mu turere tumwe na tumwe twita ku kurengera ibidukikije, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa imigano fibre fibre byabaye imwe mu mahitamo yingenzi ku bikoresho byo kumeza mubuzima bwa buri munsi.
(II) Gusuzuma ibintu byubuzima
Usibye ibidukikije, abaguzi bahangayikishijwe cyane nubuzima bwibikoresho byo kumeza. Fibre fibre ubwayo ifite antibacterial naturel, antibacterial, na mildew-idashobora gukora. Gukoresha imigati ya fibre fibre irashobora kugabanya imikurire ya bagiteri kandi igaha abaguzi ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza. Byongeye kandi, imigano yo mu bwoko bwa fibre fibre ntabwo irimo ibintu byangiza nka formaldehyde hamwe n’ibyuma biremereye, kandi ntibizangiza ubuzima bwabantu.
(III) Ingaruka zo kuzamura ibicuruzwa
Hamwe niterambere ryimibereho yabantu, imyumvire yo gukoresha nayo ihora izamurwa. Abaguzi bafite byinshi bisabwa kandi byiza cyane kubiranga ubuziranenge, ubwiza, hamwe no kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byo kumeza. Ibikoresho by'imigano ya fibre yujuje ibyifuzo byabaguzi kubikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nimiterere yihariye, ibara risanzwe, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye. Mumasoko yo hagati-hejuru-yohejuru yisoko ryibikoresho byo kumeza, umugabane wisoko ryibikoresho bya fibre fibre yameza bigenda byiyongera.
(IV) Iyobowe ninganda zikora ibiryo
Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zokurya ryagize ingaruka zikomeye kumasoko yo kumeza. Hamwe n’ibikenerwa n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ubuzima bwiza, n’ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo mu meza mu nganda z’imirire, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa fibre fibre byakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda z’imirire. Kurugero, amaresitora yihariye hamwe na resitora yibanze yahisemo gukoresha imigano ya fibre fibre kumeza kugirango habeho ikirere kidasanzwe cyo kurya.
V. Imigendekere yimiterere irushanwa
(I) Impinduka mu kwibanda ku nganda
Kugeza ubu, kwibanda ku nganda zo mu bwoko bwa bamboo fibre fibre yamashanyarazi ni bike, kandi ku isoko hari umubare munini w’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse ku isoko. Hamwe niterambere ryinganda, ibigo bimwe bifite inyungu za tekiniki, ibyiza byikirango, ninyungu zamafaranga bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro, kwagura igipimo cyabyo binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, no kongera imigabane yabo ku isoko, kandi kwibanda ku nganda bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro.
(II) Amarushanwa akomeye
Mu guhatanira isoko, uruhare rwibirango rugenda ruba ingenzi. Kugeza ubu, kubaka ikirango cy’imigano ya fibre fibre yamashanyarazi iracyari inyuma cyane, kandi ibigo byinshi ntibimenya ibicuruzwa. Mugihe abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ibirango, amarushanwa yibirango azarushaho gukaza umurego. Ibigo bigomba gushimangira kubaka ibicuruzwa, gushiraho ishusho nziza yikimenyetso, no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa no kumenyekana kugirango tubone inyungu mumarushanwa akomeye ku isoko.
(III) Irushanwa hagati yinganda zo mu gihugu n’amahanga
Mugihe isoko ryimigano ya fibre fibre ikomeje kwaguka, irushanwa hagati yinganda zo mu gihugu n’amahanga riragenda rikomera. Amwe mumasosiyete azwi cyane yo kumeza yamashanyarazi yinjiye mumasoko yimbere hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, ibirango bikuze hamwe numuyoboro mugari. Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bigomba gukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwabyo no guhangana n’amasosiyete y’amahanga binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kuzamura ibicuruzwa, kugenzura ibiciro n’ubundi buryo.
VI. Ibibazo byugarije inganda
(I) Iterambere ryibibazo bya tekiniki
Nubwo uruganda rukora imigano ya fibre fibre yateye intambwe igaragara mubikorwa byo gutunganya no gutunganya, iracyafite ibibazo bya tekiniki. Kurugero, mugikorwa cyo gukuramo fibre fibre, uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere yo kuyikuramo no kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije; mugikorwa cyo kubumba kumeza, uburyo bwo kuzamura imbaraga no gutuza kubicuruzwa; murwego rwo kuvura hejuru, uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere nigihe kirekire cyo gutwikira, nibindi. Iterambere muri izi ngorane tekinike risaba ibigo kongera ishoramari R&D no gushimangira udushya twikoranabuhanga.
(II) Umuvuduko wo kugenzura ibiciro
Ugereranije nibikoresho bya pulasitiki gakondo hamwe nibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa ceramic, igiciro cyo gukora ibikoresho byo mumigano ya fibre fibre kiri hejuru. Ibi ahanini biterwa nibintu nkigiciro cyo gukuramo nigiciro cyo gutunganya fibre fibre hamwe nihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho fatizo. Ibigo bigomba kugabanya umuvuduko wo kugenzura ibiciro hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukora neza, kuzamura umusaruro, no kugabanya ibiciro byo kugura ibikoresho fatizo.
(III) Kunoza imyumvire ku isoko
Nubwo imigano ya fibre fibre ifite ibyiza byinshi, kumenyekanisha isoko kurubu biracyari bike. Abaguzi benshi ntabwo basobanukiwe byimazeyo ibikoresho byo kumeza fibre fibre kandi bashidikanya kubikorwa byayo ndetse nubwiza bwayo. Ibigo bigomba gushimangira iterambere ry’isoko no kumenyekanisha kugira ngo abakiriya bamenyekanishe kandi bizeye ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa imigano.
(IV) Kunoza ibipimo n'ibisobanuro
Nka nganda igenda ivuka, imigano ya fibre fibre yamashanyarazi ifite ibipimo byuzuye kandi byihariye. Kurugero, harabura kubura ibipimo bihuriweho hamwe nibisobanuro mubijyanye no gupima ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro byerekana umusaruro, hamwe n’ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije. Ibi ntibizana gusa ingorane zimwe na zimwe mu musaruro n’imikorere y’inganda, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku cyizere cy’abaguzi ku bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa imigano.
VII. Iterambere ryinganda ningamba zo gusubiza
(I) Iterambere ry'inganda
Mu bihe biri imbere, uruganda rukora imigano ya fibre fibre ruzakomeza gukomeza iterambere ryihuse. Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza imyumvire yibidukikije, kuzamura ibitekerezo byabaguzi, no gukomeza guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, isoko ryisoko ryibikoresho byimigano bizakomeza kwiyongera. Biteganijwe ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, ingano yisoko ryibikoresho bya fibre fibre yamashanyarazi bizakomeza kwaguka kandi aho bizakoreshwa bizakomeza kwaguka.
Urebye iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, tekinoroji yo gukuramo imigano, tekinoroji yo kubumba ibikoresho, tekinoroji yo kuvura hejuru, nibindi bizakomeza guhanga udushya no guteza imbere, bitange ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, ubuzima bwiza kandi bufite ireme ryiza ryimigano. Duhereye ku guhatanira isoko, kwibanda ku nganda bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, irushanwa ry’ibicuruzwa rizarushaho gukaza umurego, kandi ibigo bigomba guhora byongera ubushobozi bwabyo mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’isoko.
(II) Ingamba zo gusubiza
1. Kongera ishoramari mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga niterambere
Ibigo bigomba kongera ishoramari mubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, gushiraho umubano wubufatanye na kaminuza, ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, nibindi, kandi bigakora ubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryingenzi. Binyuze mu guhanga ikoranabuhanga, guca mu ngorane za tekiniki, kuzamura ubuziranenge n’imikorere, kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro, no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ibanze mu mishinga.

2. Shimangira kubaka ikirango
Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa no gushyiraho ingamba zo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Kora ibirango bikomeye mugutezimbere ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, guhuza ibicuruzwa, no gushimangira ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bigomba kwibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ibicuruzwa kugira ngo imenyekanishe kandi imenyekane.
3. Kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro
Ibigo bigomba kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro mugutezimbere umusaruro, kunoza umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro byamasoko mbisi, no kugabanya imyanda. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo birashobora kuzamura inyungu z’ubukungu binyuze mu bukungu bw’ibipimo n’umusaruro ufatanyije.
4. Kunoza imyumvire ku isoko
Ibigo bigomba gushimangira kumenyekanisha isoko no kumenyekanisha isoko, no kumenyekanisha ibyiza n'ibiranga ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa fibre fibre kumeza kubaguzi binyuze mukwamamaza, kuzamurwa mu ntera, umubano rusange nubundi buryo bwo kunoza imyumvire yabaguzi no kwizerana kumeza yimigano.
5. Guteza imbere kuzamura amahame yinganda
Ibigo bigomba kugira uruhare rugaragara mu gushyiraho no kunoza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda, kandi bigateza imbere gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imigano yo mu bwoko bwa imigano hamwe n’inzego za Leta n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda. Mugutezimbere ibipimo byinganda, gutunganya imyitwarire yumusaruro nigikorwa cyibigo, kuzamura ubwiza bwumutekano n’umutekano, no kurengera uburenganzira n’inyungu byemewe n’abaguzi.