1. Intangiriro
Mu gihe abantu bumva ko kurengera ibidukikije bikomeje gutera imbere, ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byitabiriwe cyane. Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, ibyokurya byameza byahindutse buhoro buhoro gukundwa kumasoko hamwe nibisanzwe, byangirika, umutekano nibidafite uburozi. Iyi ngingo izerekana imikorere yuruganda rwibikoresho byameza yimbuto zirambuye, bikubiyemo inzira zose zakozwe kuva guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza gupakira ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi bigatanga ibisobanuro bijyanyeibigon'abimenyereza.
2. Guhitamo ibikoresho bibisi
Ibyatsi by'ingano
Ibikoresho by'ibanze byaibikoresho byo kumeza byashyizwehoni ibyatsi by'ingano. Guhitamo ibyatsi byujuje ubuziranenge nurufunguzo rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Ibyatsi by'ingano bitagira udukoko, ibyatsi, cyangwa umwanda bigomba gutoranywa, kandi uburebure n'ubugari bw'ibyatsi bigomba kuba bimwe.
Ikusanyirizo ry'ibyatsi by'ingano rigomba gukorwa mugihe nyuma yo gusarura ingano kugirango birinde ibyatsi guhumeka ikirere igihe kirekire kandi byanduye kandi byangiritse. Ibyatsi byakusanyirijwe bigomba gukama kugirango bigabanye ubuhehere ku rugero runaka kugirango bitunganyirizwe nyuma.
Ibifatika bisanzwe
Kugirango habeho ibyatsi by ingano bishobora gushingwa, hagomba kongerwaho igice runaka cyibikoresho bisanzwe. Ibisanzwe bisanzwe bifata harimo ibinyamisogwe, lignine, selile, nibindi. Ibyo bifata byangiza ibidukikije, bidafite uburozi kandi byangirika, kandi byujuje ibisabwa kubidukikije byangiza ibikoresho byameza.
Mugihe uhitamo ibimera bisanzwe, ibintu nkibintu bihuza, gutuza no kwangirika bigomba kwitabwaho. Muri icyo gihe, bigomba kwemezwa ko inkomoko yifatizo yizewe kandi ubuziranenge bujuje ibipimo bijyanye.
Ibiryo byongeweho ibiryo
Kugirango tunoze imikorere nubuziranenge bwibikoresho byo kumeza ingano, inyongeramusaruro zimwe-zimwe zirashobora kongerwamo. Kurugero, ibikoresho bitarinda amazi, ibikoresho bitarimo amavuta, imiti ya antibacterial, nibindi birashobora kongerwaho kugirango byongere imbaraga zamazi, birinda amavuta hamwe na antibacterial yibikoresho byo kumeza.
Iyo wongeyeho ibiryo byo mu rwego rwibiryo, ingano yinyongera igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango umutekano n’ibidukikije bibungabungwe. Muri icyo gihe, inyongeramusaruro zujuje ubuziranenge bw’igihugu zigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hirindwe ikoreshwa ry’ibintu byangiza umubiri w’umuntu.
3. Inzira yumusaruro
Kumenagura ibyatsi
Ibyatsi byegeranijwe byajanjaguwe kugirango bikorwe neza. Ingano yibyatsi byajanjaguwe bigomba kuba bimwe kugirango bitunganyirizwe nyuma.
Kumenagura ibyatsi birashobora guhonyorwa muburyo bwa mashini, nko gukoresha igikonjo, igikonjo nibindi bikoresho. Mugihe cyo kumenagura, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura umuvuduko nimbaraga zo kumenagura kugirango wirinde kumenagura cyane ibyatsi cyangwa ivumbi ryinshi.
Gutegura neza
Ukurikije ibisabwa nibicuruzwa, vanga hamwe nibisanzwe hamwe namazi akwiye hamwe, ubyuke neza, hanyuma utegure igisubizo gifatika. Ubwinshi bwibisubizo byumuti bigomba guhindurwa ukurikije imiterere yicyatsi hamwe nibisabwa kubicuruzwa kugirango hamenyekane ko ibifatika bishobora guhuza ibice byibyatsi.
Mugihe utegura igisubizo gifatika, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura ingano nubushyuhe bwamazi kugirango wirinde igisubizo gifatika kuba cyoroshye cyangwa kinini. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza bwigisubizo gifatika bugomba kwemezwa ko butajegajega, butarimo umwanda n’imvura.
Kuvanga
Shira ingano zahunitswe ningano hamwe nigisubizo cyateguwe cyo kuvanga kugirango uvange bihagije. Igihe cyo kuvanga n'umuvuduko bigomba guhindurwa ukurikije ubunini bwibice byibyatsi hamwe nubunini bwumuti ufatika kugirango harebwe niba ibyatsi bishobora gupfunyika neza.
Mugihe cyo kuvanga, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura ubukana nicyerekezo cyo kuvanga kugirango wirinde kwirundanya kwibyatsi cyangwa gushiraho inguni zapfuye. Muri icyo gihe, isuku yo kuvanga ivangwa igomba kubahirizwa kugirango hirindwe kuvanga umwanda n’umwanda.
Kubumba no gukanda
Shira ibice bivanze byibyatsi hamwe nigisubizo gifatika muburyo bwo kubumba no gukanda. Imiterere nubunini bwububiko bugomba gutegurwa no gukorwa ukurikije ibisabwa nibicuruzwa kugirango harebwe niba isura nubunini bwibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.
Kubumba no gukanda birashobora gukorwa no gukanda imashini, nko gukoresha imashini, imashini ya hydraulic nibindi bikoresho. Mugihe cyo gukanda, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura igitutu nigihe kugirango tumenye neza ko ibice byibyatsi bishobora guhuzwa cyane kugirango bikore neza.
Kuvura
Ibikoresho byameza byashyizweho nyuma yo kubumba no gukanda bigomba gukama kugirango bikureho ubuhehere burimo kandi bitezimbere imbaraga niterambere ryibicuruzwa. Kuvura byumye birashobora gukorwa no gukama bisanzwe cyangwa gukama.
Kuma bisanzwe ni ugushira ibikoresho byameza byashyizwe ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza nizuba kugirango bireke bisanzwe. Kuma bisanzwe bifata igihe kirekire, mubisanzwe bifata iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru, kandi bigira ingaruka cyane kumiterere yikirere.
Kuma mu buryo bwa gihanga ni ugushira ibikoresho byabugenewe byashyizwe mubikoresho byumye, nk'itanura, ibyuma, nibindi, kugirango bishyushya kandi byume. Kuma mu buryo bwa gihanga bifata igihe gito, muri rusange amasaha make gusa cyangwa iminota mirongo, kandi ubushyuhe bwumye nubushuhe birashobora kugenzurwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bihamye.
Kuvura hejuru
Kugirango tunoze hejuru yubuso hamwe n’amazi adashobora gukoreshwa n’amavuta y’ibikoresho byo mu ngano byashyizweho, birashobora kuvurwa hejuru. Kuvura hejuru birashobora gukorwa mugutera, gushiramo, koza, nibindi, hamwe ninyongeramusaruro yibiribwa nkibikoresho bitarinda amazi hamwe n’ibikoresho bitarinda amavuta birashobora gukoreshwa neza hejuru yameza.
Mugihe ukora ubuvuzi bwo hejuru, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura ingano yinyongeramusaruro hamwe nuburinganire bwo gutwikira kugirango wirinde inyongeramusaruro zikabije cyangwa zidahagije, bizagira ingaruka kumikorere nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, bigomba kwemezwa ko ibikoresho byo kumeza nyuma yo kuvurwa hejuru yujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu kandi bifite umutekano kandi bidafite uburozi.
Kugenzura Ubuziranenge
Nyuma yumusaruro, ibikoresho byo kumeza byingano bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango ubuziranenge kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge. Ubugenzuzi bufite ireme bushobora kubamo ibintu nko kugenzura isura, gupima ingano, ikizamini cyingufu, ikizamini cyamazi kitarimo amavuta, nibindi.
Igenzura ryibigaragara rigenzura cyane cyane niba ubuso bwibikoresho byo kumeza bworoshye, butavunitse, bwahinduwe, kandi butarimo umwanda; ibipimo by'ubunini bigenzura cyane cyane niba uburebure, ubugari, uburebure n'ubundi bipimo by'ibikoresho byo ku meza byujuje ubuziranenge; ikizamini cyimbaraga kigenzura cyane cyane niba imbaraga zo guhonyora hamwe no kugonda imbaraga zo kumeza zujuje ibisabwa; Ikizamini cyamazi adafite amazi na peteroli yerekana cyane cyane kugenzura niba hejuru yibi bikoresho bishobora gukumira amazi namavuta.
Gupakira no kubika
Ibikoresho byameza byatsinze igenzura ryujuje ubuziranenge bigomba gupakirwa no kubikwa kugirango ubuziranenge n’umutekano bibe. Gupakira birashobora gushushanywa no gukorwa mubikoresho nkibisanduku byimpapuro, imifuka ya pulasitike, nudusanduku twa furo ukurikije imiterere nubunini bwibicuruzwa.
Mugihe cyo gupakira, hagomba kwitonderwa gushyira ibikoresho byo kumeza neza kugirango wirinde kugongana no gusohoka. Muri icyo gihe, izina ryibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro, ingano, itariki yatangiweho, igihe cyo kuramba hamwe nandi makuru bigomba gushyirwaho kubipfunyika kugirango abakoresha babashe kubyumva no kubikoresha.
Ibikoresho byo mu ngano bipfunyitse bigomba kubikwa ahantu humye, bihumeka, bikonje, birinda urumuri rwizuba n’ibidukikije. Ubushyuhe bwububiko nubushuhe bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa kubicuruzwa kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
IV. Ibikoresho byo gukora
Crusher
Igikonoshwa cyicyatsi nigikoresho kimenagura ibyatsi ingano mubice byiza. Kumenagura ibyatsi bisanzwe birimo gusya inyundo, gusya ibyuma, nibindi. Mugihe uhisemo gusya ibyatsi, ibintu nkibikorwa byo kumenagura, ingano zingana, hamwe nogukoresha ingufu.
Kuvanga imvange
Kuvanga imvange nigikoresho kivanga kandi kikanagura ibyatsi byajanjaguwe ningano zumuti hamwe nigisubizo gifatika. Ivangavanga risanzwe ririmo kuvanga kabiri-shaft, kuvanga ibyuma bya spiral, nibindi. Iyo uhisemo kuvanga ivanga, ibintu nkibivanga neza, kuvanga uburinganire, hamwe nogukoresha ingufu bigomba kwitabwaho.
Kubumba
Ibishushanyo mbonera ni igikoresho gikanda ibice bivanze byibyatsi hamwe nigisubizo gifatika muburyo. Imiterere nubunini bwububiko bugomba gutegurwa no gukorwa ukurikije ibisabwa nibicuruzwa. Ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe birimo inshinge, inshinge zipfa, kashe, nibindi.
Ibikoresho byo kumisha
Ibikoresho byumye nigikoresho cyumisha ibikoresho byameza byakozwe. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumisha birimo amashyiga, ibyuma, ibyuma byuma, nibindi mugihe uhisemo ibikoresho byumye, ibintu nkuburyo bwo kumisha, ubushyuhe bwumye, kumisha kimwe, no gukoresha ingufu bigomba kwitabwaho.
Ibikoresho byo kuvura hejuru
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya isura nigikoresho gikora ubuvuzi hejuru yubutaka bwameza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bivura hejuru yubutaka birimo spray, coater coater, brush coater, nibindi. Mugihe uhisemo ibikoresho byo gutunganya hejuru, ibintu nkibikorwa byo gutunganya neza, gutunganya uburinganire, hamwe nogukoresha ingufu.
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubuziranenge
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubuziranenge ni igikoresho gikora igenzura ryiza kubikoresho byo kumeza ingano nyuma yumusaruro urangiye. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bigenzura ubuziranenge birimo ibikoresho byo kugenzura isura, ibikoresho byo gupima ibipimo, ibikoresho byo gupima imbaraga, ibikoresho byo gupima amazi bitarinda amazi n’ibindi bikoresho, n'ibindi.
5. Kugenzura ubuziranenge
Kugenzura Ibikoresho
Kugenzura neza ubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo, hitamo ibyatsi byiza by ingano, ibyatsi bisanzwe hamwe ninyongeramusaruro. Kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo kugirango urebe ko byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu nibisabwa nibicuruzwa.
Gushiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma no gucunga abatanga ibikoresho fatizo, buri gihe gusuzuma no kugenzura abatanga ibicuruzwa, no kwemeza itangwa ryibikoresho fatizo kandi bifite ireme.
Igenzura ry'umusaruro
Gutegura uburyo bwa siyansi kandi bushyize mu gaciro hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, kandi ukurikize byimazeyo inzira yumusaruro nuburyo bukoreshwa mubikorwa. Kurikirana no kugenzura buri murongo mubikorwa byo gukora kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bihamye.
Gushimangira gufata neza no gucunga ibikoresho by’umusaruro, kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga ibikoresho by’umusaruro, no kwemeza imikorere isanzwe n’ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa.
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye
Gushiraho uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byuzuye kugirango ukore igenzura ryuzuye ryibikoresho byameza nyuma yumusaruro. Ibintu byubugenzuzi birimo ubugenzuzi bugaragara, gupima ingano, ikizamini cyingufu, ikizamini cyamazi adafite amavuta, nibindi.
Gupakira no kubika ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa, no kongera gukora cyangwa gusiba ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa. Menya neza ko ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byoherejwe bwujuje ubuziranenge kandi butekanye kandi bwizewe.
6. Ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije
Ibikoresho bibisi byangiza ibidukikije
Hitamo ibyatsi byangirika nkibyingenzi byingenzi kugirango ugabanye ibidukikije. Mugihe kimwe, hitamo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije hamwe ninyongeramusaruro yibiribwa kugirango wirinde gukoresha ibintu byangiza umubiri wumuntu.
Kurengera ibidukikije inzira yumusaruro
Emera uburyo bugezweho bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho kugirango ugabanye gukoresha ingufu no kubyara imyanda. Mu gihe cyo kubyaza umusaruro, komeza imbaraga zo kurwanya umwanda nkumukungugu, amazi y’amazi, na gaze y’imyanda kugira ngo isuku n’isuku by’ibidukikije bikorwe.
Kurengera ibidukikije
Ibikoresho byo kumeza ingano byakozwe bifite ibiranga kwangirika. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha, irashobora kubora mubintu bitagira ingaruka mubidukikije kandi ntibishobora kwanduza ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’igihugu, bifite umutekano kandi ntabwo ari uburozi, kandi ntacyo byangiza ku buzima bw’abantu.
7. Icyizere cy'isoko
Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza imyumvire yabaturage yo kurengera ibidukikije, ibyifuzo byisoko ryibikoresho byangiza kandi byangiza ibidukikije ni byinshi. Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho byameza by ingano bifite ibiranga kuba karemano, kwangirika, umutekano ndetse nuburozi, ibyo bikaba bihura nabantu bakeneye kubungabunga ibidukikije nubuzima. Biteganijwe ko isoko ryisoko ryibikoresho byameza bizakomeza kwiyongera mumyaka mike iri imbere, kandi ibyifuzo byisoko biratanga ikizere.
8. Umwanzuro
Ibikoresho byo kumeza ingano ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije. Hamwe nimiterere karemano, yangirika, umutekano kandi idafite uburozi, yagiye ihinduka gahoro gahoro kumasoko. Iyi ngingo irerekana imikorere yuruganda rwibikoresho byameza byashyizweho muburyo burambuye, harimo guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, inzira yumusaruro, ibikoresho byumusaruro, kugenzura ubuziranenge, ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije hamwe n’icyerekezo cy’isoko. Binyuze mu gutangiza iyi ngingo, twizeye ko ishobora gutanga ibisobanuro ku nganda n’abakora umwuga bijyanye, guteza imbere umusaruro no gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bw’ingano, kandi bikagira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije.