Ibyingenzi byingenzi byibyatsi by ingano ni selile, igice -cellulose, lignin, polyfrin, proteyine namabuye y'agaciro. Muri byo, ibirimo selile, sem -cellulose, na lignine biri hejuru ya 35% kugeza 40%. Ibigize ingirakamaro ni selile na sem -cellulose.

Intambwe yambere mugukora ibikoresho byo kumeza ni ugusenya no gukata ibyatsi. Koresha umukandara wa convoyeur kugirango wohereze ibyatsi ingano mumashini atemba ya floss. Imashini imaze kuvurwa, ibyatsi bizahinduka cm 3 kugeza kuri 5 z'uburebure, byoroshye. Shira ibiro 800 by'amazi kuri kg 1.000 y'ibyatsi kumazi atose, hanyuma ukusanyirize mumasaha 48 kugeza kuri 50 kugeza igihe ibyatsi bitose kandi byoroshye, hanyuma urashobora kwinjira muburyo bwo hasi.

Ibyatsi byoroheje byatsi bizakaraba kandi bitandukane mumashini ya hydraulic. Iyo ibyatsi byinjiye mumashini ya hydraulic hydraulic, amazi azenguruka yongerwaho icyarimwe kugirango agenzure ubwinshi bwamazi yibyatsi bivanga amazi kugeza kuri 10%. Nyuma yo kuvurwa, umucanga, amababi, imitoma, nibirori byibyatsi mubyatsi bisohoka mumazi nyuma yo kumeneka. Ibintu biremereye nk'amabuye hamwe n'ibyuma bisohoka mu miyoboro ikikije amabuye ikoresheje imbaraga za centrifugal. Hanyuma, ibisigaye birasa neza. Ibice by'ibiti.

Lyrin nikintu cyingenzi kibaho murwego rwa cytoplazme. Ifasha ingirabuzimafatizo gukomera hamwe kandi zikomeye. Kugirango ubone selile na sem -cellulose ikwiranye nibikoresho byo kumeza, ni ngombwa kuyitandukanya na lignin, gukuramo lignine cyangwa kuyisiba cyangwa kuyisiba cyangwa kuyisiba. Kumena amase hamwe nubwiza bwibiti. Ukurikije ihame ryo kwangirika ku bushyuhe runaka, ibyatsi birashobora gutandukanywa muri fibre hifashishijwe imashini ibora ibyatsi. Mugihe cyo kuvura 120 ° C kugeza kuri 140 ° C, lignine yahindutse ivuye mumirahuri yikirahure ihinduka rebero yoroshye cyane, ihujwe cyane na selile na sem -cellulose. Imbaraga zo guteranya ibikoresho byo kumeza.

Nyuma yo kubora ibyatsi, imvange yamazi yibyatsi yoherezwa muri sisitemu yo gukaraba no kwibanda, hasigara selile gusa, selile semicose na transgender lignin. Nyuma yo guhanagura ibishishwa, birakenewe ko turushaho guhuza hamwe na extruder kugirango ubone ibikoresho fatizo byameza yibyatsi. Nubwo ubuvuzi bwabanje, haracyari ikibazo kitarakemuka, ni ukuvuga ibibazo bya pigment mubyatsi by ingano. Kubera ko ibyatsi by'ingano ubwabyo ari umuhondo, ibara ry'umuhondo ryuzuye nyuma y'amazi ashyushye. Nigute iryo bara rishobora guhanagurwa? Kubera ko amazi ashyushye ashobora gushiramo ibara, ibara rishobora gukurwaho muguteka. Mubikorwa byamazi ashyushye kuri 96 ° C, pigment muri fibre yashizwemo. Inzira ntisubirwaho. Nyuma yo guteka inshuro nyinshi, ibyatsi byabonetse byabonetse birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo kumeza.

Mu kigega cyibigize, ongeramo amazi afite uburemere bwikubye inshuro 50 kugeza kuri 60 uburemere bwuzuye bwa fibre yibyatsi, hanyuma wongereho 5% kugeza 8% byokwirinda amazi na 0.8% byamavuta adakurikiza amavuta ukurikije uburemere bwuzuye bwibikoresho fatizo , hanyuma ubyerekane muburyo bumwe kugirango ukoreshwe nyuma. Ifunguro rimwe rimwe rifite kimwe mubisabwa byingenzi byujuje ubuziranenge, ni ukuvuga, amazi yisupu itera imbere ntashobora kumeneka, kandi ibiryo birimo amavuta ntibishobora kumeneka. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kongeramo urugero rukwiye rwamavuta-adakoresha amazi, ariko agomba kuba inyongeramusaruro yibiribwa. Ibishishwa byateguwe bijyanwa mumashini yo gushiraho no kubumba ibikoresho byo kumeza bikoreshwa binyuze mumiyoboro. Mugihe cyo gushiraho, shyira ibiryo bya disiki yibiribwa bikozwe murusobe rwicyuma kuri mashini, hanyuma uta imashini. Nyuma yo gusohora kurekuwe neza muri kontineri, fungura pompe ya vacuum. Ibishishwa biri muri kontineri bizagwa buhoro. Indero. Ubu buryo bushobora kuvanaho amazi arenze urugero, kuburyo ibintu bikomeye biri muri ruhurura bifatanye neza kurukuta rwimbere rwububiko. Iyo switch yazimye kugirango ikuremo icyuma gishya, icyuma gitose kirashobora gukurwaho. Hanyuma, urusoro rutose rwimuriwe mumashini yashizeho ibikoresho byo kumeza, kandi hariho ifumbire mububiko bwo hejuru no hepfo. Iyo ibishushanyo byo hejuru no hepfo byafatanyirijwe hamwe, umwuka uva kuri 170 ° C ukagera kuri 180 ° C, kandi amazi yo mumeza yageze kuri 8% binyuze muburyo bwo gukanda ubushyuhe. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo kumeza byakoreshejwe bwa mbere.

Nyuma yo kubumba ibikoresho byo kumeza, impande zingana kandi bigira ingaruka kubwiza. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kubyara icyuma cyiza binyuze muburyo bwo guca. Ibishushanyo bikoreshwa kumashini yumupaka birasa neza nububiko, nububiko kumashini ibumba. Nyuma yo gutunganya ibikoresho byo kumeza, imashini irakinguye, kandi impande zirenze zameza zashyizweho kashe, zihinduka ibikoresho byo kumeza bishobora gukoreshwa.

Mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, ibikoresho byo kumeza bigomba kugenzurwa, kwanduza no kubipakira. Muri ubu buryo, isura nziza igomba kugenzurwa; hiyongereyeho, buri cyiciro cyibikoresho byo kumeza bigomba gukorwa, kandi ibyitegererezo byo kugenzura birimo ibintu bya mehaniki hamwe nibipimo bya mikorobe. Nubwo ibyatsi byo kumeza bifite amahame akomeye yo kugenzura ubuzima mu musaruro, kwanduza ozone no kwanduza ultraviolet bigomba gukorwa mbere y’uruganda kugira ngo byice umubiri w’imyororokere ya bagiteri hejuru y’ibikoresho byo mu meza nka spore na fungi.